Michael Madhusudan Dutt life hostory.
Born into an aristocratic Kayastha dynasty in Jessore district of British India, Michael Madhusudan Dutt converted to Christianity in his youth and adopted the name Michael Madhusudan, and with an irresistible fascination with Western literature, devoted himself to English literature. In the second phase of his life, Michael Madhusudan Dutt became attracted to his mother tongue. It was at this time that he started composing plays, comedies, and poetry in Bengal.
Michael Madhusudan is the pioneer of a sonnet and amitrakshara rhymes in Bengali. His greatest work is the epic poem Meghnadabadha Kavya based on the anecdote of Ramayana in Amitrakshara verse. His other notable books are The Captive Lady, Sharmistha, Krishnakumari (drama), Padmavati (drama), Roo on the neck of the old Shalik, What is Civilization, Tilottamasambhav Kavya, Birangana Kavya, Brajangana Kavya, Chaturbashpadi, etc. Michael's personal life was dramatic and painful. He died in Calcutta at the age of 49.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt
Born :25 January 1824 Sagardari, Jessore, British India (now Bangladesh)
Died :29 June 183 (age 49) Kolkata, British India (now West Bengal)
Pseudonym : Timothy Penpoem
Profession : Poet, playwright
Nationality : British Indian
Subject : Literature
Literary Movement : The Renaissance of Bengal
Spouse : Rebecca McTavish Henrietta Sophia White
Children : Napoleon, Sharmistha
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Life
Madhusudan Dutt was born on 25 January 1824 in Sagardari village of Jessore district (now Keshabpur Upazila of Jessore district in the state of Bangladesh) to an aristocratic Hindu Kayastha family. He was the only child of Rajnarayan Dutt and his first wife Jahnavi Devi. Rajnarayan Dutt was a renowned lawyer in the Sadar Civil Court of Calcutta. Madhusudan had to live in Calcutta from the time he was thirteen years old. He built a huge building on Khidirpur Circular Garden Rich Road (now Karl Marx Street).
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Education
Madhusudan's early education began with his mother Jahnavi Devi. Goddess Jahnavi made him well acquainted with Ramayana, Mahabharata, Purana, etc. His early education began with Mufti Lutful Haque, the Imam of the Sheikhpura Mosque in a village near Sagardari. He studied Bengali, Persian, and Arabic with the learned Imam. Madhusudan spent his childhood in Sagardari.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt was born in Sagardari, Jessore, Bangladesh
In 1843, Michael Madhusudan Dutt expressed his desire to convert to Christianity to the Reverend Krishnamohan Banerjee. Later that same year, on February 13, he converted to Christianity at an Anglican church called the Old Mission Church in Mission Row. He was baptized by Pastor Daltry. He named her "Michael". Madhusudan became known as "Michael Madhusudan Dutt". His conversion caused a great stir in society. Rajanarayana Dutt declared his infidel son a son of renunciation. After converting to Christianity, Michael Madhusudan Dutt continued his studies at Bishop's College, Shibpur. Here he learned Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, and other languages. Although Rajnarayan Dutt abandoned him, he was paying for his studies at Bishop's College. Four years later he stopped sending money. Madhusudan befriended some Madrasi students at Bishops College. After finishing his studies at Bishop's College, Michael Madhusudan Dutt failed in his attempt to get a job in Calcutta. Madhusudan then moved to Madras (now Chennai) in search of fortune with his Madrasi friends. It is said that he went to Madras with that money by selling his textbooks without the knowledge of his relatives.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Career
Michael Madhusudan Dutt could not get special benefits in Madras either. With the help of local Christians and Englishmen, he got a job as an English teacher in a school. However, his salary did not cover his expenses. It was during this time that he began writing in English newspapers. His poems began to be published under the pseudonym in the Madras Chronicle. He also edited a magazine called Hindu Chronicle. But in a short time, the magazine had to be shut down financially. At the age of twenty-five, he wrote his first poem, The Captive Lady, in abject poverty. His reputation as a poet and skilled English writer spread.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Marriage
Shortly after arriving in Madras, Michael Madhusudan Dutt married Rebecca McTVis, an English woman. The couple's marriage lasted eight years. Michael Madhusudan Dutt had two sons and two daughters in Rebekah's womb. Shortly after his divorce from Rebecca in the latter part of his Madras life, Madhusudan married Emilia Henrietta Sophia, a young French woman. Arrieta was Madhusudan's lifelong companion. Michael, meanwhile, sends a copy of The Captive Lady to his friend Gourdas Basak, who sends it as a gift to JED Bethune. Overwhelmed by the book, Bethune wrote a letter to Michael advising him to return to the country and compose poetry in Bengali. In 1858 Madhusudan returned to Calcutta. He did not bring his wife with him at that time.
12 Rue Des Chantiers, Versailles, France - The building in which the poet lived
The poet went to England to study law but did not stay long in England because of the weather and racism. He then moved to Versailles, France in 180. But his financial situation was very bad. Only for Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was he able to come to India after finishing his law studies. But he never used his education in Calcutta, moreover he died of poverty.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Literary life
Madhusudan Dutt first entered the field of Bengali literature as a playwright. While translating the play 'Ratnabali' written by Ramnarayan Tarkaratna into English, he felt the lack of suitable plays in Bengali drama. He became interested in writing plays with the aim of filling this gap. In 1859 he wrote the play 'Sharmistha'. This is literally the first original play written in Bengali. In 180 AD, he wrote two comedies, namely: 'What is this called civilization' and 'Roan on the neck of an old statue' and the complete play 'Padmavati'. He was the first to use Amitrakshara rhyme in Padmavati. In 180 AD, he wrote the poem 'Tilottamasambhav' in Amitraksha. Then one by one epic poem called 'Meghnad Badh Kavya' (181), 'Brajangana' Kavya (181), 'Krishnakumari' Natak (181), 'Birangana' Kavya (182), Chaturdashpadi Kavita (18) were written.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Literature is the inspiration of life
Madhusudan Dutt was greatly inspired in his literary life, especially by the literary works of the English poet Lord Byron and his life. Although his great creation Meghnad Badh epic was published and it was not very easy to make it known, he still expressed himself in Bengali literature through the epic. As part of it, he introduced the first Homeric style of writing in poetry. He once said to himself: "I woke up one morning and did not find myself successful. The success of this poem has been possible for many years of hard work."
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Linguistic skills
Michael Madhusudan Dutt was a linguist at the same time. As a child, he started learning the language from the village toll through his Persian language. In addition to English, he could speak Latin, Greek, Persian, Hebrew, Telugu, Tamil, etc. effortlessly. He could even write poetry in Persian and Italian. He knew twelve more languages besides his mother tongue.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Drama
The emergence of Michael Madhusudan in Bengali drama is sudden. In 1852 Taracharan Sikder, J. C. Gupta, and Ramnarayan started staging plays on the amateur stage in Bengal with the help of Tarkaratna. The quality of the plays written at this time was not very good. In 1857, under the patronage of Ishwar Chandra Singh and Pratap Chandra Singh, zamindars of Paikpara, the play Ratnabali by Ramnarayan Tarkaratna was performed at Belgachhia Natyamanche in Calcutta. Madhusudan's educated mind was disturbed to see the huge expenditure and enthusiasm of the zamindars for this simple play devoid of artistic quality. Then he himself became a novice in drama writing. Breaking the tradition of the Sanskrit drama style of Ramnarayan Tarkaratna, he wrote the
first modern Bengali drama following the western style.
The number of plays written by Michael Madhusudan is limited. From 1859 to 181 - he practiced drama for these three years. His plays written during this period are Sharmistha (1859), Akai Ki Bele Sabhyata (180), Buro Shaliker Ghare Ro (180), Padmavati (180), Krishnakumari (181). Besides, there is an unfinished play called Mayakanan (184) before his death. Sharmistha
Sharmistha is a mythical drama. Date of composition 1859. This is the first Bengali drama written in modern western style. The plot of the play is taken from the triangular love story of Raja Jayati, Sharmistha and Devyani narrated in the early period of Mahabharata. Although written in the Western style of drama,Michael Madhusudan Dutt did not completely abandon the Sanskrit style in this play. The use of poetic and rhetorical-long dialogues, narrative style of events, introverts, actresses, clowns, etc. in this play is similar to the Sanskrit style. The influence of the romantic style of English literature is also evident in this play. Although flawed as the first work, the play was well-received by English-educated readers of the time. The play was also successfully performed on the
Belgachia Theater.
This is what is called civilization and the hair on the neck of the old statue
After Sharmistha, in 180, Michael wrote two comedies called Civilization and Roe on the neck of an old statue. These two comedies are his two best plays. The first was about the depravity of the English-educated neo-Babu community and the second was about the degradation of the moral character of the orthodox socialists. In this play, Michael Madhusudan Dutt powers of observation, sense of social reality, and skill in writing stories, characters, and dialogues are especially appreciated. But the content of the play offended both neo-conservative and traditionalist societies. So, although the play was supposed to be performed on Belgachia Theater, it did not happen in the end. Michael Madhusudan Dutt was very disappointed and later withdrew from the comedy.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Padmavati
Madhusudan composed the play Padmavati in 180. This is also a mythical drama. However, the basis of this play is not entirely Indian mythology. The story 'Apple of Discord' in Greek mythology is served by Michael Madhusudan Dutt in the twist of Indian mythology. Juno, Palace, and Venus in Greek mythology are Shachi, Murza, and Rati in this play. Helen and Paris became Padmavati and Indranil. When Rati was chosen as the best beauty among the three goddesses, the other two goddesses became angry with Indranil and brought disaster to Indranil's life. In the end, Indranil was rescued by the efforts of Rati and Bhagwati and he was reunited with his estranged wife Padmavati. Although the original Greek anecdote is tragic, Michael Madhusudan Dutt has adapted the play into an English tragedy-comedy. The influence of the Sanskrit drama style on this play is small. Michael has been here before in plot-making, dramatic conflict presentation, and character portrayal.
Mayakanon
After composing Krishnakumari plays, Michael Madhusudan Dutt concentrated on composing poetry. Lying on his death bed in his last life, he started composing the play Mayakanon at the request of Sharachandra Ghosh, the head of the Bengal Theater. He could not finish the play. Bhubanchandra Mukherjee did. The art value of this play is not special. No signature of Michael's creative genius is found in it.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Meghnadabadha Kavya
Main articles: Meghnadabadha poetry and epics
Madhusudan Dutt's greatest achievement is the epic Meghnadabadha Kavya based on the Ramayana anecdote in Amitrakshara verse. Characters are Ravana, Indrajith, Sita, Sarma, Premila, etc. He has divided his poetry into more than eight cantos and according to Sanskrit rhetoric, he has also included cities, forests, forests, rocks, seas, mornings, evenings, wars, consultations, etc. But he did not use new verses in the sermon, nor did he suggest the next verse in the sermon. Although he said,
"Gail Ma Birarse Bhasi Mahagit"
Yet in poetry, tragic juice has won. Meghnadabadha Kavya is not a repetition of the Ramayana-derived story — it is a wonderful lyric-poem in the form of a compassionate epic of the visionary destiny-humiliated neo-humanity of the awakened Bengalis. Meghnadabadha Kavya is the only creature in Bengali poetry in this respect.
Madhusudan has created epic poems with amazing construction skills. The significance of this poem is in the symbolism of Ravana's character. Absolute arrogance was not manifested in the character of Ravana created by him. The epic that he has written in the light of his humanity, the Ramayana, is, in fact, a romantic epic. For this reason, although 'Meghnadabadha Kavya' is epic in form, its soul-Nandini is completely romantic and the triumph of life in this poem by Madhusudan is not of heroism, but of compassion. So the poet, in the words of Rabindranath,
“He sighed at the crematorium on the beach and concluded the poem. Birangana Patrakavya (182)
(Reform - Mars Zone Garbett)
Journalist poetry is first seen in Bengali literature in Birangana Kavya. This book was written and published in 182. Shakuntala to Dushmanta, Tara to Som, Rukmini to Dwarkanath, Kaikayi to Dasaratha, Suparnakha to Lakshmana, Draupadi to Arjuna, Vanumati to Duryodhana, Dushshala to Jayadratha, Jahnavi to Shantanu, Urvashi to Purubar. Composed. In his poetry, Michael Madhusudan Dutt strikes at the root of the mythology of these women. She expresses it in the light of human feelings in the narrative of the woman-heart.
Michael Madhusudan Dutt Conjugal life
Rather than establishing himself in Madras, the poet did a special job of marrying a white woman. While in Madras, he married Rebecca McTavish, an English woman. Orphan met his future wife, Rebecca, soon after he started teaching at an asylum school. This process of marriage, however, was not very easy. He wrote to his friend Gauri Das, "It was very difficult to get Rebecca, you know all her (Rebecca) well-wishers were against this marriage" "Their marriage took place on July 31, 1848. Going abroad to get sick, getting a job, and then marrying this foreigner all happened within six months of reaching Madras. But their marriage did not last long. He thought he would be happy to have Rebecca with him after marriage. But Bidhata may not have written the thing of happiness on his forehead. There were many troubles and noises in the world. Michael's monogamy led to disagreements with his wife. As a result, he left Rebecca within a few years. Michael Madhusudan Dutt had two sons and two daughters in Rebekah's womb.
Shortly after his divorce from Rebecca in the latter part of his Madras life,Michael Madhusudan Dutt married Henrietta Sophia, the daughter of a teacher at Madras Presidency College. Henrietta was also an all-round tasteful girl. Henrietta was Madhusudan's lifelong companion. They have a son named Napoleon and a daughter named Sharmistha. One of his descendants is the famous tennis player Leander Page.
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Tomb of Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Calcutta
Madhusudan's last life was spent in extreme misery and poverty. He did not have much success in the law business. Moreover, he became indebted to his extravagant nature. He died on 29 June 183 at Alipore General Hospital without any money. In the last phase of his life, the great poet has left a mark of his deep love for his homeland in unforgettable lines. The following poem is inscribed on his grave:
"'Wait, Pathikbar, if you are born
In Bengal! Just a moment! At the gravesite
( Like a baby in a mother's lap
Pause) Mohir is very sleepy
Dattakulodbhaba poet Srimadhusudana!
Sagardari Kapotaksh-shore in Jessore
Birthplace, birth maker Dutta Mahamati
In the name of Rajnarayan, Janani Jahnavi '"
